Although the term anthropocene proposed by geologists and climatologists has created much debate, it is hard to resist the importance it could have to define the discipline of anthropology. For a discipline dedicated to the plurality of cultures, the fact that earth scientists insist on bringing on the foreground still one more definition of the ‘anthropos’, this time considered as a new force of nature, has enormous consequences for the discipline. The chapter lists several of those consequences that could reopen a conversation between ‘physical’ and ‘cultural’ anthropology and, of special relevance to the vast question of ‘sustainability’, reopen the ways in which anthropology could be politically relevant.