¹ Buchanan, Allen, The Heart of Human Rights (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar. All page numbers in parentheses refer to this text.

² As we shall see, Buchanan makes this kind of argument. A similar argument is also advanced by Beitz, Charles in The Idea of Human Rights (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), pp. 66–67 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

³ See Hart, H. L. A., “Are There Any Natural Rights?” Philosophical Review 64, no. 2 (1955), pp. 175–91, p. 175CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁴ This line of argument is pressed by O'Neill, Onora in “The Dark Side of Human Rights,” International Affairs 81, no. 2 (2005), pp. 427–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar. It has been further developed elsewhere, for example in Hope, Simon, “Kantian Imperfect Duties and Modern Debates over Human Rights,” Journal of Political Philosophy 22, no. 4 (2014), pp. 396–415 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Tomalty, Jesse, “The Force of the Claimability Objection to the Human Right to Subsistence,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 44, no. 1 (2014), pp. 1–17 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁵ The Preamble of the Charter of the United Nations, www.un.org/en/sections/un-charter/preamble/index.html.

⁶ See Wellman, Carl, The Moral Dimensions of Human Rights (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), p. 5 Google Scholar.

⁷ See, for example, Fitzmaurice, Malgosia, “Interpretation of Human Rights Treaties,” in Shelton, Dinah, ed., The Oxford Handbook of International Human Rights Law (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), pp. 739–71Google Scholar.

⁸ See especially pp. 158–71.

⁹ The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspx; the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Political Rights, www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CESCR.aspx.

¹⁰ Shue, Henry, Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affluence, and U.S. Foreign Policy, 2nd ed. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996)Google Scholar.